Fuel.



UNITED sTArnfs PATENT OFFICE.

EDGAR ROUS E'SUTCLIFFE.

OF LEIGH, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO PURE COAL BRIQUETTES LIMITED, CARDIFF, WALES.

Patented Apr. 2, 1913.

FUEL.

1;261.645 Specification of Letters Patent.

No Drawing. Application filed March 27, 1915. Serial No. 17,506.

ain and Ireland, residing at.Leigh, Lanca- 5' shire, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Reiatin to Fuel,

of which theifollowing is a speci cation.

This invention relates-to a process for the man'ufacture of coke or.fuel from carbonaceous. substances of the character of coal, .namelycoal; anthracite, coke and charcoal, and it has for itsobject to produce by a j of distillation, gasificatjon'or cok- 'c. fuel ofthe character of coke but having novel characteristics such as render it not only 'for purposes for which coke i is'iisua'lly. emplplvled, such asfafuel'for blast furnaces and o er'metallurggcal purposes, butnlso for grposes for w ichi-ooke 'proeo duced under e ordlna conditions of can bonization in gas workers not suitable, such for-erample, as-a fuel for burning in open j domestic grates as afuel' for the'nia'nu acof ou "as reducer orwater gas, saga fue for usein ow combustion stoves, or-for firing furnaoessuch'as those ofstenm' boilers and generally for purposes for which coal, anthracite, coke and charcoal are usuall employed. a a i e invention has for its-object to produce 'a coke of such a character that it burns freely although it contains 'but a small proportion of volatile matter,.and to that is hard and: dense so that thus'the product has-palrticular advantages for general'use a's a fuel andfor the special purindicated; Y According to the invention such a fnelis' produced from carbonaceous substances of thecharacterof coal, nsmely coal; anthracite, coke or charcoal, and such 'a process 18 I carried outby-first reducing the raw mm 3' te'rialfin a dry 'sta to-a very finely com "niinuted condition r flour, then compressing this substance inathe manner hereinafter" described into blocks, bri nets or masses, and adding a solid and dry inder where the carbonaceous substance, for example, anthracite, coke or charcoal, has not itself the capacity of bindin together upon compression, and then disti ling, gaslfyin'g or coking the compressed blocks, brirpuets or masses at such a temperature and or such a time -ment of cooking opal,

produce a coke to a 'process' of. distillation,

as may be determined according to the character and purpose of the coke residue or the by-products of the process.

According to the invention moreover the raw material employed may be a mixture of coal with anthracite coal with coke, or anthracite or coke with pitch where it is ih sired to secure a coke having the properties of anthracite or where a fuel is to be produced in the utilization of anthracite or coke, or where it is desired to produce-dense compressed blocks which on being coked pro.-

serve their regularshapc and are lhomog neous and the mixture may be effected in the reduction .to a. finely divided condition or subsequently.

In carrying the invention into efl'ect nccordingtoone modification in the employ- I reduce the raw-material in a dry state to a very finelydivided condition or flour and subject this row milterial iii the very finely divided condition to com ression for the production, of a sol' 'bli accordin 1 to the methodflcscribed in :1 pendin app cation for patent, Scrinl'iNo. 17,504 0 Mar. 27,1915, that is'to -suy', by a process o fcomp'ression in uh draulic press or in a press ofthe ho per an -plungcr type or in any other suitab e apparatus, the comefl'ected on or cbilflions that e block laterally expanding under the stresses iinp'o in its production. I then subject; the blocks thus produced, gnsification or in a coke oven or in a retort of any prcssion being permit of t coking suitable kind, and I effect the distillation at;

such a temperature and-for suche time as may be necessary according to the character of the product or by product desired or the content of volatile n mt.ter to be left in the residnorfor example, I may'cnrry out the distillation at fi-o1n400 to 12 ()0' ccniigradc.

I 'may arrest the distillation at the particular stage necessary in order. to retain in the coke to be produced the desired content of volatile matter.

In the use of an ordinary coking coal according to the process described a coke residue havinoa content of from two to three per cent. of volatile matter me be produced which has a good calorific va ue and is by reason of its special characteristics suitable for general use as a fuel. Such u fuel can a meat of a tapered be burnt in an open grate with a considerable production of gas and iia'ne free from smoke.

I find that the finely divided condition of the rayv material is of great importance having regard to the burning quality and physical condition of the resulting coke and the efl'ectiveness of the process of distillation,

asitication or coking; and accordingly it is necessary to reduce the raw materlal to as fine a state of division as is convenient or practicable.

1 have found that by reducing the raw material so that the whole passes through a sieve of 200 mesh, excellent results are secured but good results may be secured even if a proportion of the raw material emloyed is coarser than would pass through a 200 mesh.

In regard to the conditions ofcompression I have found that blocks produced from the very finely comminutcd dry raw material in a press such as used for the )roduction of ovoid briqu'ets or bodies am hriquets or bodies of other similar shapes and'of small or large size give good results with raw material suitable for hriruicting. It is; hoivever. necessary that the blocks or bodies produced should be solid, free from cracks or lamiuations and not liable to disintegration. Such blocksmay be'prodnced according to the method described in the specification of the pending application Set-in No. 17,504 aforesaid; for example, the blocks maybe produced in a press of type and tho finely' comminuteti and ry ma terial may be compressed under where the block or hriquet free under the stresses imposed in its 'a-oiluetioh which conditions are secured in t \c empiojfmold tapering outwardly boivaijd tho (isobar 'a erture m the *imild. In such a press, loc ts mav be. produced by a sin is com iression gradually increasing, whic 1 according to the size of the block produced may be varied from two to 10 tons per square inch. With a. view, however, to secure a well mmpresscd block without the use of a binder \vhcre'coal is -usedas the raw material I may carry out the compression in distinct stages and move thebrnuetin the course of its compression toward t to outlet end of the mold 'or during the interval between successive stages of compression.

Or again I may produce th'e'blocksfor coking or dist illatlon by subjecting the very finely divided dry raw material to a preliminary com ression in any suitable mold and then brea a the blocks, nodules, cakes or fiakcssopr uced into small'pioccs or bedies, as disclosed in my up licatlon Serial No. 17505 filed simultaneou y with thofpresont one. Uncompressed bodies of sins size may be produced without the necessity of being broken up, and these may together-he .coking'to produce accordin the hopper and danger conditions to expand scrl ied in the employment subjected to further compression for the production of very hard and tough blocks or briquets of any desired size; and shape according to the process the subject-matter of the application.

By subjecting the compressed very finely divided raw material in a dry state to further compression, or to further compression after being reduced to small pieces or bodies in the manner described, I am able to produce'blocks for coking that are very hard and tough, and a coke that. is dense and compact; but in general, in treating raw material capable of binding, or raw material such as anthracite, coke or charcoal, with which the use of a binder is required, blocks or bodies are produced without further compression that are in a condition suitable for to the invention a coke that is hard and (01186 and that is of especial advantage for use as a fuel.

In the production of a fuel in the utilization'ofantln'acite and coal, I first roast the anthracite, andlafter reducing it dry to a finely divided condition I incorporate with it bituminous coal; coke, or pitch in a dry state. according to the character of the desired product/and in the same finely divided condition: I have found that by suhjectin v the'anthracite to a preliminary roast a muc fireatefiquantitv of. ant iracite-oanbe mixed to product-a 1 case, homogeneous and free ban-nag 'fuel than if the anthracite. is used in itsrnw' condition. have 'foimd that in the us'e of the proportion 0mm of roasted iinthraeiteand 71))?- of'a'stcain coal an ex;- eellent product is I pmdnce'd by coking the compressed block formed =fro'ni the' inixture at almv temperature, that is. at n temperatnre of 900 ()3 The fuel produced :is a

dense block of rcfiular forni. less iinsiic than that of thebloe fromwhich it-' \v as:pro-

'Ihave .found that an"exc'elleut fuel can he'- roduced according to the method deof 75% roasted anthracite 15% -ste'am eoal.= and 10% dry \vlnle furthermore, l have found that pitch; a. useful fuel may be produced under the conditions of the ,proccss by the mixture with the roasted anthraciteof; 10% of dry gitch and that a useful fuel alsohe prouced according to the conditions of the process from ground-coke with 10% of dry In-the use of cokcfor the purpose of the invention I have joimdthat a mixtlire of two parts of a steam coal with one part of cokclbreezo gives good resultsnaceording to the conditions of the process, a hard block of regular shapqbcing produced, but the content of ookeaimyiheincreased to 50% to 1produce a useful product n the production of coke for use in stoves 'duoctli the fuel jbe'ing hard and dense and I suitable for burning in an opeli irate.

' as a substitute tor anthracite I have found that the harder and the denser the coke the better. and to secure this result the line. grinding of the dry raw materials is new essary as well as the intimate admixture of anthracite or coke with the bituminous coal or other dry binder employed.

If in the use of anthracite a product is desired burning more like charcoal. a high percentage of roasted anthracite or of coke would give a fuel of the desired quality. Again. in the use of a coal having a l()\\' contentof volatile matter l have been able to produce a hard and homogeneous coke of specialutility t'or na-tallurgical purposes, or for use in blast furnaces. the coke having qualities resembliny those of char coal. Such a product 1 have found also useful as a substitute for anthracite.

It will be umlerstood that any class of bituminous or scmibituminous coal may be employed for incorporation with anthracite 0P coke or charcoal.

bodies may be effected by means similar to that; now usually employed for the compression of the charges for coke ovens or rctorts. Or again, the compression may be eti'ected in the retortv or oven by tampin; the very finely divided material, or the very finely divided material in the condition of small spheres or other shaped compressed pieces or bodies, or in molds or receptacles destined to be passed into tboiovens or retorts. or the treated raw material. that is. the very finely divided material compressed into pieces or bodies, may be distilled. grasilied or coked Without being Hlllljttjttll to any further compression.

' I claim 1. A method of producing a dense frecburning coke from carlmnactams substances of the character of coal, consisting in reducing the raw material in the dry state to'a condition of extreme fineness, then compressing the raw material without a liquid binder, to produce a hard stonelikc block and coking the resulting product.

2. A method of producing a dense tree burnin; coke from carbonaceous substances of the character ol coal, consisting in reduc: ing the raw maE' al in a dry state to a conditiott of extreme. fineness, reducing a solid and dry binder in the dry statt :o a very finely divided condition, mixing the said raw material with the said binder. then compressing the raw material and binder in a dry state. to produce a hard stonelike block and coking the resulting product.

it. A method of producing a dense free burning coke from a carbonaceous substan e of the clmracter of coal having a substantial content ol volatile lrvdrocarbons and such a carbonaceous substance having a low content of volatile hydrocarbons, consisting in reducing the respective carbonaceous substances in a dry state to a condition of ex tremc lincncss. intimately mixing the said carbomiceous substances. then compressing the mixed and very finely divided ravv material in the dry state, to produce a hard Sltlllt like block and coking the I'tsltllllltl product.

4-. A method of producing a dense tree burnin; coke from tfilllltllltlt't'()ll. substances ofthe character of coal having a low content of volatile hydrta-arbon and a binder, consisting in reducing the raw material and binder in a dry st dc to a condition of ext'renafineness. mixinp the said raw material and binder. then comm'cfssing: the mixed raw material aml binder in the dry st ate, to pr duce a hard stonelike block and coking the resulting product.

5. A method of producing a dense free burning coke in the utilization of anthracite, consisting in roasting the anthracite and rcducin; the roasted anthracite and binder in a dry state to a condition of extreme lineness. mixing the said yoasted anthracite and binder, then compressing the mixed mass in a dry state without the application of heat and without a liquid binder to produce a hard stonclik-e block and coking the result:-

ing compressed product.

i (I. A method of producing, a dense free burning coke inthe utilization of anthracite, consisting in roasting the anthracite and reducing in a dry state the roasted anthracite and a (arhomiceous substance of the char acter of coal having a substantial content of volatito. hydrocarlmns to a condition of extrcmc fineness, mixing the said anthracite and tarbonactmus substance, then comprcssing the mixed mass in a dry state without the application of heat and without a liquid binder to produce a hard stonclike block and coking the resulting, product. i

7. 1i method of producing a dense free burning coke in the utilization of anthracite,-consisting in roasting the anthracite, reducing the anthracite and a bituminous or semi-bitulninous coal in a. dry state to a condition of extreme fineness, mixing the said anthracite and hit'mninous or semi-bituminous coal in the dry state, then compressing the mixed mass without the application of heat and without, a liquid binder to produce a. hard stonelike block and coking the product.

8. A new product of manufacture, a hard dense and free burning coke bein the residue of the. distillation of a car oneceous substance of the character of coal in a dry and unheated condition of extreme fineness compressed without it liquid binder before distillation to produce a substance of a herd, dense and stonelike character, substantially as described.

9. A new product of manufacture, a hard, dense and free burning coke of regular shape, heihg a mixture of a very finely di vided carbonaceous substance with another very finely divided carbonaceous substance having a substantial content of volatile hydrocarbons, the very finely divided mixture being densely and closely compacted and compressed in a, dry state without the application of heat and without a liquid binder and from which mixture at considerable part of the volatile hydrocarbons have been removed. throughout. by (instillation substantially as described.

10. A new productof manufacture, a hard, dense and free burning coke of regular shape being :1 mixture of very finely divided anthracite previously roasted with a very finely divided (22kIlJUlimiQG-lN substance hav ing a substantial (Uiliifl'iijof volatile hydrocarbons. the \i finely divided mixture 111g denwly null iluf-ely compacted and com pressed in a E y slate Without the ill'll ilffzir tion of heat and without e. bin-l and from which mixture :1 m x; of the volatile liyelrocurlsms moved throughout by (llHtlllilUfiTi; tiully UH described.

Elli il icit RGUCE Wi tsivsracs: 

